Laparoscopic ovariectomy in cats is safe, can be performed in a comparable amount of time as traditional ovariohysterectomy, and may result in less postoperative discomfort.

With there not being many studies about the benefits of ovariohysterectomy, most evidence extracted from the literature leads us to the misguided conclusion that there

The societal practice in the U.S. of dog neutering contrasts with the general attitudes in many European countries, where neutering is commonly avoided and not

Based upon the review of the literature, it becomes clear that canine gonads are not merely reproductive organs but critical to endocrine, musculoskeletal, behavior, and

Recent scientific studies demonstrate that spaying/neutering, particularly before a dog is fully mature, may result in detrimental long-term health impacts. In light of this information,

About the only positive effect on behavior that seems to result from spaying and neutering is the roughly 68 percent decrease in urine marking.

Thought leaders are beginning to accept that spay and neuter have both positive and negative health consequences that vary by age, gender and breed.